Te Mārama ki ngā Teihana Whakakī Hinu Hauwai
Ko ngā wāhi motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā teihana whakakī hinu hauwai (HRS) e whakamahia ana hei whakakī i ngā waka hiko e whakakahangia ana e ngā pūtau wahie ki te hauwai. Ka rongoa e ēnei teihana whakakī he hauwai pēhanga teitei, ā, ka whakamahia he pūwero me he paipa motuhake hei whakarato hauwai ki ngā waka, ki te whakaritea ki ngā teihana whakakī hinu tuku iho. He mea nui te pūnaha whakakī hinu hauwai hei whakakaha i ngā waka pūtau wahie, e hanga ana i te hau mahana me te mamaoa wai anake, i te mea e anga whakamua ana te tangata ki te kawe waka waro-iti.
He aha te mea ka whakakīia e koe he waka hauwai ki?
Ko te hau hauwai tino pēhi (H2), i te nuinga o te wā kei te 350 pae, 700 pae rānei mō ngā motuka, ka whakamahia hei whakakī hinu mō ngā waka hauwai. Hei penapena pai i te pēhanga teitei o te hau, ka rongoatia te hauwai ki roto i ngā tāke kua whakakahangia ki te muka waro kua whakaritea.
He pēhea te mahi a ngā teihana whakakī hinu hauwai?
Me whai i ētahi mahi nui hei whakakī i te waka i hangaia mai i te hauwai: 1. Te Hanga Hauwai: Ko te whakahounga o te methane mamaoa (SMR), te whakamahi i te hiko mai i ngā pūtake hou, te hua rānei o te tukanga hangahanga, ko ētahi o ngā huarahi motuhake e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaputa hauwai hei whakamahi.
- Te Pēhanga me te Rokiroki Hau: ka rongoatia e ngā tāke rokiroki tata te hau hauwai i muri i te pēhanga rawa ki ngā pēhanga teitei (350–700 pae).
- Te Whakamatao-Mua: Hei karo i te kino o te wera i te wā o te mahi whakakī tere, me whakamatao te hauwai ki te -40°C i mua i te tohatoha.
4. Te Tukunga: Ka hangaia he āpitihanga hiri i waenganui i te ipu rokiroki o te waka me te pūwero i hangaia mō tēnei kaupapa. Mā te tikanga e āta whakahaeretia ana e pupuri ana i te pēhanga me te pāmahana ka taea te whakauru i te hauwai ki roto i ngā tāke rokiroki o te waka.
5. Ngā Pūnaha Haumaru: He maha ngā mahi tiaki, pērā i ngā pūnaha pehi ahi, ngā mana whakaweto aunoa, me te aroturuki i ngā turuturu, e oati ana kei te haumaru ngā mahi.
Te Wahie Hauwai me ngā Waka Hiko
He pai ake te wahie hauwai i te wahie hiko?
Kei te whakawhirinaki tēnei tauhohenga ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake mō te whakamahinga. Me te 75–90% o te hiko e hurihia ana ki te hiko i ngā wira o te waka, he pai ake te taiao mō ngā waka hiko pākahiko-pūhiko. I waenga i te whā tekau me te ono tekau ōrau o te pūngao i roto i te hauwai ka taea te huri hei mana taraiwa mō ngā waka pūtau wahie hauwai. Heoi, he painga ngā FCEV mō te whai huatanga o te mahi i roto i ngā taiao makariri, te roa o te ora (300–400 maero mō ia tāke), me te wā whakakī hinu (3–5 meneti ki te 30+ meneti mō te whakakī tere). Mō ngā waka nui (taraka, pahi) he mea nui te whakakī hinu tere me te tawhiti roa, he pai ake te hauwai.
| Āhuatanga | Ngā Waka Pūtau Wahie Hauwai | Ngā Waka Hiko Pūhiko |
| Wā Whakakī/Whakakī Anō | 3-5 meneti | 30 meneti ki ētahi hāora |
| Awhe | 300-400 maero | 200-350 maero |
| Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao | 40-60% | 75-90% |
| Te Wātea o ngā Hanganga | He iti (rau o ngā teihana puta noa i te ao) | Whānui (miriona ngā pūwāhi utu) |
| Utu Waka | Teitei ake (hangarau pūtau wahie utu nui) | Te whakataetae |
Te Utu me ngā Whakaaro Whaihua
He aha te utu nui hei whakakī anō i te hau o tētahi waka hauwai?
I tēnei wā, ko te utu mō te whakakī hinu i tētahi waka e whakamahia ana te hauwai me te tāke katoa (tata ki te 5–6 kg o te hauwai) ka $75 ki te $100, ā, ka taea te haere i waenganui i te 300–400 maero. E $16–20 pea te utu mō ia kirokaramu o te hauwai. Ka rerekē ngā utu i runga i te wāhi, ā, e matapaetia ana ka heke iho i te whānui haere o te hanga me te whanaketanga o te whakamahinga o te hauwai e pai ana ki te taiao. Ka tukuna e ētahi rohe he whakahekenga hei whakaiti i te utu mō ngā kiritaki.
Ka taea e te miihini waka noa te whakahaere i runga i te hauwai?
Ahakoa ehara i te mea noa, ka taea te whakarite i ngā miihini tahunga tuku iho kia mahi i runga i te hauwai. Ko te tīmatanga i mua i te mura, te nui o ngā tukunga o ngā waikura hauota, me ngā take rokiroki kei roto i ngā raruraru me aro atu ngā miihini tahunga ā-roto hauwai i roto i te wā. I ēnei rā, tata katoa ngā motuka e whakamahia ana e te hauwai e whakamahi ana i te hangarau pūtau wahie, e whakamahi ana i te hauwai me te hāora mai i te taiao hei whakaputa hiko e taraiwa ana i te motuka hiko me te wai anake hei para.
Ko tēhea whenua e whakamahi nui ana i te wahie hauwai?
Neke atu i te 160 ngā teihana whakakī hinu hauwai me ngā mahere nui mō te hanga i te 900 teihana i te tau 2030, ko Hapani te kaiārahi o te ao i ēnei rā mō te whakamahi i te wahie i hangaia mai i te hauwai. Ko ētahi atu whenua nui ko:
Tiamana: Neke atu i te 100 ngā teihana, me te 400 kua whakaritea hei te tau 2035
Te Hononga o Amerika: Me te tata ki te 60 ngā teihana, ko te nuinga kei California
Kōrea ki te Tonga: e tere haere ana te whanaketanga, me te 1,200 ngā teihana e matapaetia ana i te tau 2040
Haina: Te mahi haumitanga nui, neke atu i te 100 ngā teihana kei te whakahaerehia i tēnei wā
Te tipu o te teihana whakakī hinu hauwai o te ao
E 800 pea ngā teihana whakakī hinu hauwai i te ao i te tau 2023; ā, i te tau 2030, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake taua tau ki te neke atu i te 5,000. Nā ngā tautoko a ngā kāwanatanga me te whakapau kaha o ngā kaihanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūtau wahie, kei te pito matatau a Ūropi me Āhia i tēnei whanaketanga.
Arotahi ki te Mahi Taumaha: Te whakawhānui ake i te hanganga hauwai mō ngā taraka, ngā pahi, ngā tereina, me ngā tono moana
Wā tuku: Hakihea-16-2025
