Te Mārama ki ngā Teihana Whakakī Hinu LNG
Ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG (hau māori wai)he waka motuhake kei a rātou hei whakakī hinu i ngā waka pērā i ngā motuka, ngā taraka, ngā pahi, me ngā kaipuke. I Haina,Houpuko te kaiwhakarato nui rawa atu o ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG, me te wāhi mākete tae atu ki te 60%. Ka rongoa e ēnei teihana te LNG i ngā pāmahana makariri (-162°C, -260°F rānei) kia mau tonu ai tōna āhua wai, kia māmā ake ai hoki te rokiroki me te kawe.
I te wā e whakakī ana i te hinu i te teihana LNG, ka haria te hau maori waikura mai ingā tāke o te teihanamō te rokiroki ki roto i ngā tāke cryogenic o te waka mā te whakamahi i ngā mea kua whakariteangā paipamengā pūweroe pupuri ana i te pāmahana makariri e hiahiatia ana i te wā katoa o te tukanga.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Ko tēhea whenua e whakamahi nui ana i te LNG?
Whai muri i te aituā karihi o Fukushima i te tau 2011, ko Hapani, e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te LNG mō te whakaputa hiko, kua noho hei kaihoko me te kaiwhakamahi LNG nui rawa atu o te ao. Ko Īnia, Kōrea ki te Tonga, me Haina he kaiwhakamahi LNG nui katoa. I whakatūria te Rōpū Houpu i te tau 2005. Whai muri i te 20 tau o te whanaketanga, kua riro hei hinonga matua i roto i te umanga pūngao ma i Haina.
He aha ngā ngoikoretanga o te LNG?
Ahakoa ngā painga maha, he maha ngā ngoikoretanga o te LNG.
Te utu nui mō te whakawhanaketanga: Nā te hiahia mō ngā taputapu rokiroki me te kawe waikura motuhake, he nui te utu mō te whakatū i te LNG i te tīmatanga.
He nui te pūngao e hiahiatia ana mō te tukanga whakapūngao; i waenga i te 10 me te 25% o te pūngao o te hau māori e whakamahia ana hei huri i te LNG.
Ngā āwangawanga mō te haumaru: Ahakoa kāore te LNG i te tino mōrearea pērā i te penehīni, ka taea tonu e te maringi te whakaputa i te kapua kohu me ngā whara cryogenic.
He iti noa ngā whakaurunga mō te whakakī hinu: Kei te haere tonu te hanganga o tētahi whatunga teihana whakakī hinu LNG i roto i ētahi wāhi.
Ahakoa ētahi ngoikoretanga o te LNG, nā ōna āhuatanga ma, ka taea tonu te whakamahi whānui i roto i ngā mara o ngā mahi ā-iwi, waka me te moana. Ka hipokina e te Rōpū Houpu te mekameka ahumahi katoa mai i te tango LNG i te taha whakarunga ki te whakakī hinu LNG i te taha whakararo, tae atu ki te hanga, te whakakī hinu, te rokiroki, te kawe me te whakamahi i tētahi huinga taputapu katoa.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te LNG me te hau noa?
Ko ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te LNG (Hau Taiao Wai) me te penehīni noa (penehīni) ko:
| Āhuatanga | LNG | Penehīni Auau |
| pāmahana | (-162°C) | Wai |
| hanganga | (CH₄) | (C₄ ki C₁₂) |
| matotoru | Te iti o te mātotoru pūngao | Teitei ake o te pūngao |
| Pānga ki te taiao | Te iti o ngā tukunga CO₂, | Ngā tukunga CO₂ teitei ake, |
| Rokiroki | Ngā tāke pēhanga, cryogenic | Ngā tāke wahie tuku iho |
He pai ake te LNG i te penehīni?
Kei te whakamahinga me ngā kaupapa matua te "pai ake" o te LNG i te penehīni:
Ngā painga o te LNG ki te penehīni:
Ngā painga taiao: Ka tukuna e te LNG te CO₂ tata ki te 20–30% te iti iho i te penehīni, ā, he iti ake te hauota waikura me ngā matūriki.
Te whai huatanga o te utu: He iti ake te utu o te LNG i te penehīni ina whakaritea ki te pūngao, inā koa mō ngā kahui waka e tere haere ana.
• He nui te putunga: He nui ngā rahui hau māori, ā, e kitea ana i ngā wāhi katoa o te ao.
Haumaru: He iti ake te mura o te LNG i te penehīni, ā, ka tere te memeha mēnā ka maringi, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te ahi.
He iti noa ngā ngoikoretanga o te LNG ki te whakaritea ki te penehīni. Hei tauira, kāore i te rite te maha o ngā teihana LNG ki ngā teihana penehīni.
He iti ake ngā tauira waka e hangaia ana hei whakahaere i te LNG i te penehīni.
• Ngā rohenga tawhiti: Kāore pea e taea e ngā waka LNG te haere tawhiti nā te mea he iti ake te kaha o te pūngao, ā, he iti ake hoki ā rātou tāke.
• Ngā utu ā-mua teitei ake: Me nui ake te moni ā-mua mō ngā waka LNG me ngā hanganga.
He maha ngā wā ka tautoko te LNG i te taha ōhanga me te taiao mō ngā taraka me ngā kaipuke roa, ina ko ngā utu wahie te take nui o ngā utu whakahaere. Nā te iti o ngā hanganga, kāore i te tino kitea ngā painga mō ngā motuka tūmataiti.
Ngā Auahatanga o te Mākete LNG o te Ao
I roto i ngā tau tekau kua pahure ake nei, kua tino tipu te mākete LNG o te ao nā ngā āhuatanga ā-rohe, ngā ture taiao, me te pikinga o te tono pūngao. I te mea ko Kōrea ki te Tonga, Haina, me Hapani te hunga e kai ana i te LNG nui rawa atu, ko Āhia tonu te rohe e kawemai ana i te nuinga o te wahie. E matapaetia ana ka piki haere tonu te tono mō te LNG a muri ake nei, inā koa ka titiro ngā iwi ki te huri mai i te waro me te hinu ki ngā puna pūngao ma. Ko te tipu o ngā hanganga LNG iti kei te whakawhānui ake i ōna whakamahinga ki tua atu i te hanga hiko ki ngā rāngai ahumahi me te kawe waka.
I tīmata te Rōpū Houpu ki te whakawhānui i tana mākete o te ao i te tau 2020. Kua rongonui whānuitia ana hua kounga teitei e te mākete, ā, kua whakanuia āna ratonga pai e ngā kiritaki. Kua hokona ngā taputapu Houpu ki te neke atu i te 7,000 ngā teihana whakakī hinu puta noa i te ao. Kua angitu te whakaurunga o Houpu ki te rārangi o ngā kaiwhakarato mō ngā kamupene hiko nunui o te ao, e tohu ana i te mōhiotanga o te kaha o te kamupene e ngā umanga Pākehā paerewa teitei me te tono nui.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
Ko te LNG he hau māori kua whakamataohia hei wai hei whakahaere i te kawe me te rokiroki.
Ko Hapani te whenua e whakamahi nui ana i te LNG. Ahakoa he iti ake ngā tukunga LNG i te penehīni, me whai hanganga motuhake.
He tino pai te LNG mō ngā tono e pā ana ki te kawe waka taumaha.
Kei te tipu tonu te mākete LNG o te ao me ngā whakaurunga hou mō te kawemai me te kaweake.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-04-2025
